Complex Sentence Transformations
Sentence transformation is the ability to express the same idea using a different grammatical structure. It is essential for advanced exams and demonstrates true grammatical flexibility.
What are sentence transformations?
A sentence transformation rewrites a sentence using a different structure while keeping the meaning the same. Key exam tasks (Cambridge CAE/CPE, IELTS) test this skill directly.
Active ↔ Passive
The committee approved the plan. → The plan was approved by the committee.
They are building a new hospital. → A new hospital is being built.
Direct ↔ Reported speech
"I will call you tomorrow." → She said she would call me the next day.
He said, "I have finished." → He said he had finished.
Conditional forms
As she didn't study, she failed. → If she had studied, she would have passed.
He is not tall enough to be a pilot. → If he were taller, he could be a pilot.
Modal transformations
It is necessary to complete the form. → You must complete the form.
It is possible that she knows. → She might know.
I am sure he left early. → He must have left early.
Emphasis and inversion
John solved the problem. → It was John who solved the problem.
I have never seen such talent. → Never have I seen such talent.
Nominalisation
They decided to expand. → The decision to expand was made.
The government failed to act. → The government's failure to act...
Tip: In transformation tasks, always check: (1) the meaning is preserved, (2) the required word is used correctly, (3) the word count stays within limits (usually 2–5 words for Cambridge tasks).