Conditionals: First Conditional
The first conditional expresses real and likely conditions in the future — situations that are possible and probable if a certain condition is met.
Structure
If + present simple, will + base verb
If it rains, we will stay inside.
If she studies hard, she'll pass the exam.
If you leave now, you won't miss the train.
When to use it
- Real, possible conditions with likely future results
- Warnings: If you touch that, you'll burn yourself.
- Promises: If you help me, I'll help you.
- Offers: If you're hungry, I'll make something to eat.
Variations with modals and imperatives
The main clause can use can, may, might, must, should or an imperative instead of will.
If you're tired, you should rest. (advice)
If she calls, tell her I'm busy. (imperative)
If he arrives late, we might start without him. (possibility)
First vs. zero conditional
| Zero | First |
|---|---|
| Always true / general fact | Possible / likely future result |
| If you heat ice, it melts. | If it snows, we'll cancel the match. |
Don't use 'will' in the if-clause: If it will rain, we'll stay in ✗ → If it rains, we'll stay in ✓. The if-clause takes present simple, not will.
Tip: Ask yourself: Is this condition genuinely possible? If yes, use the first conditional. If it's unlikely or imaginary, use the second conditional.