Intermediate · B1–B2

Linking Words for Essays

Linking words (also called discourse markers or connectives) connect ideas within and between sentences. They are essential for coherent, well-structured academic writing.

Why linking words matter

Without linking words, writing becomes a list of disconnected sentences. With them, ideas flow logically and the reader can follow your argument clearly.

Adding information

LinkerExample
furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, also, besidesThe price is reasonable. Furthermore, delivery is free.

Contrasting

LinkerExample
however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, whereas, although, even though, despite, in spite ofThe plan is expensive. However, it is the most effective option.

Showing cause and effect

LinkerExample
therefore, consequently, as a result, thus, hence, because of this, for this reasonSales fell sharply. Consequently, staff were laid off.

Showing sequence / order

LinkerExample
firstly, secondly, then, next, finally, subsequently, to begin with, in conclusion, to sum upFirstly, consider the cost. Finally, weigh the benefits.

Giving examples

LinkerExample
for example, for instance, such as, namely, in particularSeveral factors contributed — for example, poor planning.

Emphasising

LinkerExample
above all, in particular, especially, notably, indeed, in factThe results were poor. Indeed, they were the worst on record.

Overuse: Using too many linking words makes writing feel mechanical. Aim for natural use — not a linker at the start of every sentence. Not every sentence needs one.

Tip: Check that your linking word matches the logical relationship between your ideas. A common error is using 'however' when the relationship is actually cause-and-effect (use 'therefore' instead).